What is generally the first structural element to fail in vacant commercial buildings?

In vacant commercial buildings, the roof is typically the first structural element to fail due to several factors. When a building is unoccupied, it often lacks regular maintenance and oversight, which can lead to deterioration. The roof is particularly vulnerable due to exposure to the elements without any protective measures being routinely applied.

Additionally, an unmaintained roof may accumulate debris such as leaves and dirt, which can block drainage systems and lead to water pooling. This standing water adds weight and increases stress on the roof structure, making it more likely to sag or collapse over time.

Furthermore, if a roof is compromised, it can allow further weather-related damage, such as leaks that may weaken the overall structural integrity of the building. In contrast, walls, foundations, and windows generally require more extensive conditions for failure and are often designed to withstand longer periods of neglect compared to roofs.